PRI-8800 PLUS 全自動變溫培養土壤溫室氣體在線測量系統
PRI-8800 Plus 全自動變溫培養土壤溫室氣體在線測量系統主要用于在線測量原狀土變溫條件下的溫室氣體排放，具有較大單體樣本容量，具有可選的土壤溫度、濕度、鹽度、水勢、水位傳感器，可以進行包含原狀和非原狀土壤凍融過程模擬、濕地淹水深度模擬、溫度敏感性（Q10）測量、水分敏感性測量、底物敏感性測量、生物敏感性測量等；此外，選配溫度、濕度和鹽度傳感器后，PRI-8800 Plus 可以用于測量水泥、混凝土等在不同溫度和不同相態下的含水量和電導率（電阻率）。
PRI-8800 Plus 具有靈活的兼容性，可以選配不同的氣體分析儀，如經濟型CO2 H2O分析儀、高精度CO2 CH4 N2O H2O分析儀、CO2 CH4同位素分析儀等。
主要特點
- 可設定恒溫或變溫培養模式；
- 溫度控制波動優于±0.05℃；
- 平均升降溫速率不小于1°C/5min；
- 14 cm D x 50 cm H，9位樣品盤；
- 大氣本底緩沖氣或鋼瓶氣清洗氣路；
- 可外接高精度濃度或同位素分析儀。
技術指標
PRI-8800 Plus 技術指標| 指標 | 標準配置參數 |
| 樣品管尺寸 | 14 cm D x 50 cm H |
| 樣品盤位數 | 標準9位 |
| 溫度控制范圍 | -15 ~ 60℃ |
| 溫度波動度 | ±0.05℃ |
| ACC溫度 | +40°C |
| 制冷量@20°C BT/20°C AT | 2000W |
| 平均升降溫速率（5-30°C） | 1℃/5min |
| 內膽尺寸（溫控內腔） | 530 mm W × 530 mm D × 500 mm H（有效區域） |
| 自動進樣器控制精度 | 0.02 mm |
| 氣壓傳感器精度 | 0.05% |
| 溫度傳感器精度 | ±0.15℃ |
| 氣體流速 | 1L/min |
| 氣體管路 | 1/8不銹鋼管或特氟龍管 |
| 氣路清洗 | 大氣本底緩沖氣 |
| 通風 | 前面板上門底部進風，后面板上部排風 |
| 外觀 | 落地式，前部萬向輪，后部固定論 |
| 整機尺寸 | 762 mm W × 950 cm D × 1700 mm H |
| 電源 | 100 ~ 240VAC，50/60 Hz |
8800-1 CO2 H2O 分析儀
| 性能指標 | |
| CO2 測量范圍 | 0-2000 ppm |
| CO2 準確度 | ± 2% |
| CO2零點穩定性 | ± 2%（>12個月） |
| CO2重復性@零點 | ± 0.3% |
| CO2重復性@跨度 | ± 1.5% |
| CO2恒溫下的零點漂移 | ± 2% / 年 |
| CO2常溫下的零點漂移 | ± 0.03% / ℃ |
| H2O測量范圍 | 0~6% |
| H2O準確度 | ± 2% |
| 標準工作溫度 | -20 ~45 °C |
| 標準工作壓力 | 800 ~ 1150mbar |
| 取樣流速 | 標準1L/min，可調 |
| 預熱時間 | 1min |
| 校準頻率 | 建議12月校準一次 |
| 濕度 | <99% R.H，無冷凝 |
| 性能指標 | |
| 土壤含水量準確度 | ±2% |
| 土壤溫度準確度 | 0.2℃ |
| 電導率準確度 | ±10% @ 0~ 1 S/m |
| 土壤水勢精度 | 1 mbar |
配置說明
PRI-8800 Plus全自動變溫培養土壤溫室氣體在線測量系統主要包含自動進樣器、水槽、壓縮機、CO2 H2O 分析儀、內部計算機、9位樣品盤等，9個原狀測量套件；可選土壤溫度傳感器、土壤濕度和鹽度傳感器、土壤水勢傳感器、水位傳感器等。
PRI-8800 Plus可以選配不同的氣體分析儀，如CO2 H2O分析儀、高精度CO2 CH4 N2O H2O分析儀、CO2 CH4同位素分析儀等，具體請咨詢銷售人員。
PRI-8800 Plus 實驗設計
1）原狀土凍融過程模擬：氣候變化改變了土壤干濕循環和凍融循環的頻率和強度。這些波動影響了土壤微生物活動的關鍵驅動力，即土壤水分利用率。雖然這些波動使土壤微生物結構有少許改變，但一種氣候波動的影響（例如干濕交替）是否影響了對另一種氣候（例如凍融交替）的反應，其溫室氣體排放是如何響應的？通過PRI-8800 Plus 的凍融模擬，我們可以找出清晰答案。
2）濕地淹水深度模擬：在全球尺度上濕地甲烷（CH4）排放的溫度敏感性大小主要取決于水位變化，而二氧化碳（CO2）排放的溫度敏感性不受水位影響。復雜多樣的濕地生態系統不同水位的變化及不同溫度的變化如何影響和調控著濕地溫室氣體的排放？我們該如何量化不同水位的變化及不同溫度的變化下濕地的溫室氣體排放？借助PRI-8800 Plus，通過淹水深度和溫度變化的組合測試，可以查出真相。
3）溫度依賴性的研究：既然溫度的變化會極大影響土壤呼吸，基于溫度變化的Q10研究成為科學家研究中重中之重。2017年Robinson提出的最低20個溫度梯度擬合土壤呼吸對溫度響應曲線的建議，將糾正以往研究人員只設置3-5個溫度點(大約相隔5-10℃)進行呼吸測量的做法，該建議能解決傳統方法因溫度梯度少而導致的不同土壤的呼吸對溫度變化擬合相似度高的問題，更能提升不同的理論模型或隨后模型推算結果的準確性。而上述至少20個溫度點的設置和對應的土壤呼吸測量，僅僅需要在PRI-8800 Plus程序中預設幾個溫度梯度即可完成多個樣品在不同溫度下的自動測量，這將極大提高科學家的工作效率。
除了上述變溫應用案例外，科學家還可以依據自己的實驗設計進行諸如日變化、月變化、季節變化、甚至年度溫度變化的模擬培養，通過PRI-8800 Plus的“傻瓜式”操作測量，將極大減少科學家實驗實施的周期和工作量，并提高了工作效率。
PRI-8800 Plus除了具有上述變溫培養的特色，還可以進行恒溫培養，抑或是恒溫/變溫交替培養，這些組合無疑拓展了系統在不同溫度組合條件下的應用場景。
4）水分依賴性的研究：多數研究表明，在溫度恒定的情況下，Q10很容易受土壤含水量的影響，表現出一定的水分依賴特性。PRI-8800 Plus可以通過手動調整土壤含水量的做法，并在PRI-8800 Plus快速連續測量模式下，實現不同水分梯度條件下土壤呼吸的精準測量，而PRI-8800 Plus的邏輯設計，為短期、中期和長期濕度控制條件下的土壤呼吸的連續、高品質測量提供了可能。
5）底物依賴性的研究：底物物質量與Q10密切相關，這里的底物包含不限于自然態的土壤，如含碳量，含氮量，易分解/難分解的碳比例、土壤粘粒含量、酸堿鹽度等；也可能包含了某些外源底物，如外源的生物質碳、微生物種群、各種肥料、呼吸促進/抑制劑、同位素試劑等。通過PRI-8800快速在線變溫培養測量，能加速某些研究進程并獲得可靠結果，如生物質炭在土壤改良過程中的土壤呼吸研究、緩釋肥緩釋不同階段對土壤呼吸的持續影響、鹽堿土壤不同改良措施下的土壤呼吸的變化響應等等。
6）生物依賴性的研究：土壤呼吸包含土壤微生物呼吸（>90%）和土壤動物呼吸（1-10%），土壤微生物群落對Q10影響重大。通過溫度響應了解培養前后的微生物種群和數量的變化以及對應的土壤呼吸速率的變化有重要意義。外源微生物種群的添加，或許幫助科學家找出更好的Q10對土壤生物依賴性的響應解析。
PRI-8800 部分發表文章
1.Li, C., Xiao, C.W., Guenet, B., Li, M.X., Xu, L., He, N.P. 2022. Short-term effects of labile organic C addition on soil microbial response to temperature in a temperate steppe. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 167, 108589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2022.108589.
2.Jiang ZX, Bian HF, Xu L, He NP. 2021. Pulse effect of precipitation: spatial patterns and mechanisms of soil carbon emissions. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 9: 673310.
3.Liu Y, Xu L, Zheng S, Chen Z, Cao YQ, Wen XF, He NP. 2021. Temperature sensitivity of soil microbial respiration in soils with lower substrate availability is enhanced more by labile carbon input. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 154: 108148.
4.Bian HF, Zheng S, Liu Y, Xu L, Chen Z, He NP. 2020. Changes in soil organic matter decomposition rate and its temperature sensitivity along water table gradients in cold-temperate forest swamps. Catena, 194: 104684.
5.Xu M, Wu SS, Jiang ZX, Xu L, Li MX, Bian HF, He NP. 2020. Effect of pulse precipitation on soil CO2 release in different grassland types on the Tibetan Plateau. European Journal of Soil Biology, 101: 103250.
6.Liu Y, He NP, Xu L, Tian J, Gao Y, Zheng S, Wang Q, Wen XF, Xu XL, Yakov K. 2019. A new incubation and measurement approach to estimate the temperature response of soil organic matter decomposition. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 138, 107596.
7.Liu Y, He NP, Wen XF, Xu L, Sun XM, Yu GR, Liang LY, Schipper LA. 2018. The optimum temperature of soil microbial respiration: Patterns and controls. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 121: 35-42.
8.Liu Y, Wen XF, Zhang YH, Tian J, Gao Y, Ostle NJ, Niu SL, Chen SP, Sun XM, He NP. Widespread asymmetric response of soil heterotrophic respiration to warming and cooling. Science of Total Environment, 635: 423-431.
9.Wang Q, He NP, Xu L, Zhou XH. 2018. Important interaction of chemicals, microbial biomass and dissolved substrates in the diel hysteresis loop of soil heterotrophic respiration. Plant and Soil, 428: 279-290.
10.Wang Q, He NP, Xu L, Zhou XH. 2018. Microbial properties regulate spatial variation in the differences in heterotrophic respiration and its temperature sensitivity between primary and secondary forests from tropical to cold-temperate zones. Agriculture and Forest Meteorology, 262, 81-88.
11.Li J, He NP, Xu L, Chai H, Liu Y, Wang DL, Wang L, Wei XH, Xue JY, Wen XF, Sun XM. 2017. Asymmetric responses of soil heterotrophic respiration to rising and decreasing temperatures. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 106: 18-27.
12.Liu Y, He NP, Xu L, Niu SL, Yu GR, Sun XM, Wen XF. 2017. Regional variation in the temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter decomposition in China’s forests and grasslands. Global Change Biology, 23: 3393-3402.
13.Wang Q, He NP*, Liu Y, Li ML, Xu L. 2016. Strong pulse effects of precipitation event on soil microbial respiration in temperate forests. Geoderma, 275: 67-73.
14.Wang Q, He NP, Yu GR, Gao Y, Wen XF, Wang RF, Koerner SE, Yu Q*. 2016. Soil microbial respiration rate and temperature sensitivity along a north-south forest transect in eastern China: Patterns and influencing factors. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 121: 399-410.
15.He NP, Wang RM, Dai JZ, Gao Y, Wen XF, Yu GR. 2013. Changes in the temperature sensitivity of SOM decomposition with grassland succession: Implications for soil C sequestration. Ecology and Evolution, 3: 5045-5054.
16.何念鵬, 劉遠, 徐麗, 溫學發, 于貴瑞, 孫曉敏. 2018. 土壤有機質分解溫度敏感性研究：培養與測定模式. 生態學報, 38: 4045-4051.
17.Mao X1, Zheng J1, Yu W, Guo X, Xu K, Zhao R, Xiao L, Wang M, Jiang Y, Zhang S, Luo L, Chang J, Shi Z, Luo Z* 2022. Climate-induced shifts in composition and protection regulate temperature sensitivity of carbon decomposition through soil profile. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 172, 108743.
18.He Y, Zhou X, Jia Z, et al. Apparent thermal acclimation of soil heterotrophic respiration mainly mediated by substrate availability[J]. Global Change Biology, 2022.
19.Li C, Xiao CW*, Li MX, Xu L, He NP. The quality and quantity of SOM determines the mineralization of recently added labile C and priming of native SOM in grazed grasslands. Geoderma. 2023, 432: 116385.
2.Jiang ZX, Bian HF, Xu L, He NP. 2021. Pulse effect of precipitation: spatial patterns and mechanisms of soil carbon emissions. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 9: 673310.
3.Liu Y, Xu L, Zheng S, Chen Z, Cao YQ, Wen XF, He NP. 2021. Temperature sensitivity of soil microbial respiration in soils with lower substrate availability is enhanced more by labile carbon input. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 154: 108148.
4.Bian HF, Zheng S, Liu Y, Xu L, Chen Z, He NP. 2020. Changes in soil organic matter decomposition rate and its temperature sensitivity along water table gradients in cold-temperate forest swamps. Catena, 194: 104684.
5.Xu M, Wu SS, Jiang ZX, Xu L, Li MX, Bian HF, He NP. 2020. Effect of pulse precipitation on soil CO2 release in different grassland types on the Tibetan Plateau. European Journal of Soil Biology, 101: 103250.
6.Liu Y, He NP, Xu L, Tian J, Gao Y, Zheng S, Wang Q, Wen XF, Xu XL, Yakov K. 2019. A new incubation and measurement approach to estimate the temperature response of soil organic matter decomposition. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 138, 107596.
7.Liu Y, He NP, Wen XF, Xu L, Sun XM, Yu GR, Liang LY, Schipper LA. 2018. The optimum temperature of soil microbial respiration: Patterns and controls. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 121: 35-42.
8.Liu Y, Wen XF, Zhang YH, Tian J, Gao Y, Ostle NJ, Niu SL, Chen SP, Sun XM, He NP. Widespread asymmetric response of soil heterotrophic respiration to warming and cooling. Science of Total Environment, 635: 423-431.
9.Wang Q, He NP, Xu L, Zhou XH. 2018. Important interaction of chemicals, microbial biomass and dissolved substrates in the diel hysteresis loop of soil heterotrophic respiration. Plant and Soil, 428: 279-290.
10.Wang Q, He NP, Xu L, Zhou XH. 2018. Microbial properties regulate spatial variation in the differences in heterotrophic respiration and its temperature sensitivity between primary and secondary forests from tropical to cold-temperate zones. Agriculture and Forest Meteorology, 262, 81-88.
11.Li J, He NP, Xu L, Chai H, Liu Y, Wang DL, Wang L, Wei XH, Xue JY, Wen XF, Sun XM. 2017. Asymmetric responses of soil heterotrophic respiration to rising and decreasing temperatures. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 106: 18-27.
12.Liu Y, He NP, Xu L, Niu SL, Yu GR, Sun XM, Wen XF. 2017. Regional variation in the temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter decomposition in China’s forests and grasslands. Global Change Biology, 23: 3393-3402.
13.Wang Q, He NP*, Liu Y, Li ML, Xu L. 2016. Strong pulse effects of precipitation event on soil microbial respiration in temperate forests. Geoderma, 275: 67-73.
14.Wang Q, He NP, Yu GR, Gao Y, Wen XF, Wang RF, Koerner SE, Yu Q*. 2016. Soil microbial respiration rate and temperature sensitivity along a north-south forest transect in eastern China: Patterns and influencing factors. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 121: 399-410.
15.He NP, Wang RM, Dai JZ, Gao Y, Wen XF, Yu GR. 2013. Changes in the temperature sensitivity of SOM decomposition with grassland succession: Implications for soil C sequestration. Ecology and Evolution, 3: 5045-5054.
16.何念鵬, 劉遠, 徐麗, 溫學發, 于貴瑞, 孫曉敏. 2018. 土壤有機質分解溫度敏感性研究：培養與測定模式. 生態學報, 38: 4045-4051.
17.Mao X1, Zheng J1, Yu W, Guo X, Xu K, Zhao R, Xiao L, Wang M, Jiang Y, Zhang S, Luo L, Chang J, Shi Z, Luo Z* 2022. Climate-induced shifts in composition and protection regulate temperature sensitivity of carbon decomposition through soil profile. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 172, 108743.
18.He Y, Zhou X, Jia Z, et al. Apparent thermal acclimation of soil heterotrophic respiration mainly mediated by substrate availability[J]. Global Change Biology, 2022.
19.Li C, Xiao CW*, Li MX, Xu L, He NP. The quality and quantity of SOM determines the mineralization of recently added labile C and priming of native SOM in grazed grasslands. Geoderma. 2023, 432: 116385.
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